The Ministry of Education has introduced a major change to the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) for Grade 10 students, making Mathematics an optional subject in senior school.
This marks a significant shift from the 8-4-4 system, where students were required to study Mathematics alongside English, Kiswahili, and at least two science subjects—Physics, Chemistry, or Biology.
Under the new system, students in senior school will no longer be required to take Mathematics unless it aligns with their chosen learning pathway. However, there are four core subjects that all students must study, regardless of their academic interests. These are:
- English
- Kiswahili or Kenya Sign Language
- Community Service Learning
- Physical Education
In addition to these core subjects, students will be required to select three optional subjects based on their preferred academic pathway. The Ministry has categorized these pathways into three distinct groups:
1. Arts and Sports Science Pathway
This pathway is designed for students with a passion for creative arts, music, and sports. The subjects available in this category include:
- Fine Arts
- Music and Dance
- Theatre and Film
- Physical Education
- Sports and Recreation
2. Social Sciences Pathway
Students interested in social studies, business, and languages can choose from the following subjects:
- Business Studies
- History and Citizenship
- Geography
- Christian Religious Education (CRE)
- Islamic Religious Education (IRE)
- Hindu Religious Education (HRE)
- Community Service Learning (CSL)
- Languages and Literature
3. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Pathway
For learners with an interest in sciences and technical studies, this pathway offers a variety of subjects, including:
- Pure Sciences (Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and General Science)
- Applied Sciences (Agriculture, Computer Science, Home Science)
- Technical Studies
The Ministry of Education has set a target that at least 60% of current Grade 9 students will be encouraged to take up the STEM pathway once they transition to senior school in January 2026.
According to Basic Education Principal Secretary Belio Kipsang, students will have time to explore their interests before finalizing their subject choices.
The selection process will officially begin in the second term, allowing learners to consult with their parents and teachers before making a decision.
“We want to give students enough time to go home and discuss with their parents about their preferred subjects. This way, they can make informed decisions before the selection process begins once they return to school,” Kipsang told The Standard.
Additionally, the Ministry has proposed a policy that limits the number of students from a single junior secondary school who can join the same senior school to a maximum of five. This move is intended to promote diversity in school placements.
However, some education stakeholders have raised concerns that this rule could pose challenges, particularly for day schools, which mainly enroll students from their local communities.
This latest development in Kenya’s education system marks a major shift from the traditional approach and is expected to reshape how students choose their academic and career paths.
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